The Anthonisen Classification divides COPD exacerbations into how many types?

• A. 2
• B. 4
• C. 3
• D. 5

Answer: (C)

Anthonisen’s system classifies COPD exacerbations by how many of the three cardinal symptoms are present: increased dyspnea, increased sputum volume, and increased sputum purulence. If all three symptoms are present, it’s a Type I exacerbation. If two of the three are present, it’s a Type II. If only one of the cardinal symptoms is present, it’s a Type III, usually with at least one additional sign of infection or worsening respiratory status (such as fever, increased cough, or clinical deterioration). This framework helps guide treatment decisions, particularly the use of antibiotics, which is commonly recommended for Type I and Type II and considered more selectively for Type III based on the overall clinical picture.